Security Vulnerabilities Under NIS2 and DORA

What is Patch Management?

Patch management is a process that involves identification, acquisition, testing, and installation of patches or changes to the software or systems to address security vulnerabilities or to improve or add on functionality of a certain software. With regard to the network security, patch management is one of the most important components that cannot be ignored in order to prevent or at least reduce the impact of threats to the health of the network.

Patch management is the process through which the software patches pass through their life cycle from their development to their deployment over the network. It serves as a backup in case there is a security threat since it prepares one for it, saves time that is needed to fix the problem and also makes sure that the organization is meeting the legal requirements of the laws that govern the industry.

Why Patch Management Is Critical to Network Security

The fight against cyber threats is now a constant struggle because of the dynamic nature of threats in the contemporary network. It is always worth to recall that hackers are constantly searching for the next big thing to hack and unpatched systems are the welcome invitation for them to enter your network and take whatever they like from your company. Effective patch management is essential to:

Mitigate Security Risks: Security updates are relevant to cover the gaps through which the attackers gain access to your network and extract sensitive data or compromise your company.
Maintain Compliance: The health care financial and government organizations have strict rules and regulation that demand the security patches to be installed on time. It also confirms that one is in conformity to these regulations such as NIS2 (Network and Information Systems Directive 2) and DORA (Digital Operational Resilience Act).
Improve System Stability and Performance: It also needs to be made clear that security patch is not only the tool to address security related problems but it is also the tool to address a number of stability, performance and functionality problems with your software and systems, thus improving the efficiency of the network.
Reduce Operational Costs: Patch management is therefore more of being proactive to mitigate the impacts of other security vulnerabilities such as data leakage, system unavailability, and tarnished reputation that are not only time consuming but also expensive to any organization.

Common Vulnerabilities and Threats in Network Security

Cyber criminals are never idle and they are always seeking for the next big thing that they can target in software and systems. Some of the most common network security threats include:

Malware Infections: Examples of these are viruses, worms, and ransomware which are instances of malware that can infiltrate your network and impact many devices.
Unauthorized Access: This may make it easier for the attackers to get into your network, systems, and take information that is sensitive.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks: These attacks are designed to overwhelm your network resources hence the disruption of the online services and operations.
Data Breaches: Unfixed vulnerabilities can result in loss of customer data, financial information and any other important information to the company by the hackers.

It is important that such threats be managed to make sure the network is protected from such attacks by applying the security patches.

NIS2 and DORA Frameworks for Network Security

The European Union has introduced two key frameworks to enhance network and information security across various industries:

NIS2 (Network and Information Systems Directive 2): This directive sets new security and resilience standards for the owners of the digital, energy, transport and healthcare sectors’ infrastructure. The management of patches is considered by NIS2 as one of the critical components of networks’ security.
DORA (Digital Operational Resilience Act): DORA stands for the Digital Operational Resilience Act which is a regulation that is meant to enhance operational resilience in the financial sector of United Kingdom which comprises of; banks, insurance firms and investment firms. Patch management is one of the measures under DORA to enable the financial systems to be sound.

Regarding the EU frameworks, organisations must adhere to all the frameworks and patch management is the compliance aspect.

Elements of an Efficient Patch Management Plan

To implement a robust patch management strategy, consider the following key components:

Inventory and Visibility: It is also necessary to create the inventory list of all the software and systems that are in the network, the version of the software that has been installed, the dependencies that is has and the known vulnerabilities.
Patch Prioritization: Stakeholder consent for patching and create a risk management plan for patching through the risk categorization of patches like the risk level of the vulnerability or the risk level of the system that has been affected and the impact on your business.
Patch Testing and Deployment: With regard to this, it is recommended that you develop a schedule on the manner in which patches will be tested in a lab environment before being implemented in the production network. This is useful in that it helps to avoid cases of many people having to be trained again due to incompatibilities.
Automation and Scalability: In this case, leverage on the use of technology and make the patch management to be fully automated to minimize the vulnerability scanning and patching that involves human beings.
Monitoring and Reporting: There should be sufficient levels of monitoring and reporting that could show the current status of patch management or the problems, or variations from the laid down strategy and compliance to the legal regulations.

Continuous Improvement: Perform evaluation of the patch management program after some time and modify the strategy based on the feedback, experience, and new threats.

Patch Management Strategies

To enhance the effectiveness of your patch management strategy, consider the following best practices:

Establish a Patch Management Policy: The organization should establish the S.O.P for patch management that should outline how the organization came to the decision to avail the patches, the testing methods to be used and the methods of patch deployment.
Prioritize Critical Vulnerabilities: Concentrate on risk security threats because they are the most hazardous to the network. It is also beneficial to adhere to or recreate the priority of the patches based on the threats prevalent in the market.
Automate Patch Deployment: Use the patch automation tools and the scripts to minimize on the human factors and apply the patches on time to all the networks you are managing.
Maintain Comprehensive Backups: It is recommended that all the data and systems which are needed should be backed up before the patch deployment so that, in case the patching has been successful and there is some failure in the system then it could be rectified easily.
Educate and Train Your Team: Organize an annual training and awareness programme for your IT professionals on the patch management, new threats and its proper implementation.
Collaborate with Vendors: Have a good working relationship with the software and hardware suppliers so that you can be updated with the security patches, security risks and the periods when the patches will be out.
Monitor and Continuously Improve: One should not consider oneself shielded from threats and the patch management strategy to be flawless; it is crucial to monitor the performance, assess the metrics, and modify it because of the threats’ evolution or due to the organization’s transformations.

By following the below best practices, your network will be safeguarded and you’ll be ready for NIS2 and DORA regulations and immune to the impact of unpatched flaws.

Conclusion

As we all know that in today’s ever-changing threat environment the management of patches is one of the key elements of your network security plan. That is why security patch management should be done to decrease the vulnerability of threats, to meet the legislative and industrial guidelines and to provide the stability and effectiveness of the IT framework.