Building a Cybersecurity Culture for NIS2 and DORA

Every worker, regardless of their position and lack of IT experience, is the organization’s initial line of protection against cyber threats. Thus, by educating them on how to recognize threats and how to prevent them, it is possible to develop a strong security culture that will help to improve the security situation in your company.

User education not only creates awareness amongst the users about the threats of cybercrimes but also makes them aware of the preventive measures that need to be taken to avoid such crimes and also protects the organization from such crimes. This kind of precautionary security education can greatly minimize the chances of a successful attack, for example, phishing, ransomware, and data theft, which commonly exploit the people aspect of an organization.

When the employees are educated and security minded, they can also be counted on to help drive the organization’s security effort and to be part of the solution. It is about achieving a state where each employee knows his/her part in protecting the company’s digital resources and adopting a cybersecurity approach that will be more effective against the new threats.

NIS2 and DORA and its Implication on Cybersecurity

Two regulations that can be considered as the key initiatives of the EU in the context of increasing cybersecurity readiness of organizations are the Network and Information Systems Directive (NIS2) and the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA). These regulations stress that user awareness is a key factor in the development of the cybersecurity framework.

The NIS2 directive that is to replace the current NIS directive brings in higher standards for the key and significant entities, with obligations to report incidents, adopt risk management practices and security measures for supply chains. The implementation of NIS2 will mean that organizations will have to invest in proper user awareness that will make the employees understand their roles and responsibilities in matters concerning cyber threats.

Likewise, DORA, that targets the financial sector, requires the financial entities to establish the operational resilience regime that includes the cybersecurity training and the awareness of the employees. Therefore, having a culture of cybersecurity in organizations would help in meeting these regulations’ standards and improve the organizations’ cybersecurity posture.

User Education in Relation to NIS2 and DORA

Therefore, the educational activities concerning users are of equal significance in order to achieve the objectives of NIS2 and DORA successfully. These regulations emphasize that cybersecurity has to become a part of the corporate culture, which can exist only after numerous user awareness and training.

User education under NIS2 and DORA should focus on:

Awareness and Training: The employees must be made aware of the current threats, the current policies and measures put in place by the organization to counter the threats and their part in the security of the organization.
Incident Response and Reporting: Security awareness training should also be carried out to ensure that the users will be able to identify security threats, report the same and also identify the right action to take in the event of an attack.
Secure Practices: B) The employees should be informed of measures that they ought to take for the security of the system and the networks, the password strength, how to identify phishing scams and how best to handle sensitive data.
Continuous Learning: In cybersecurity, knowledge should be an ongoing process whereby the users go through updates and refresher courses from time to time.

Including user education as a core element of your NIS2 and DORA strategies will assist in establishing a sound security culture that is ready for the new challenges and opportunities.

Cybersecurity Culture and How to Build It for NIS2 and DORA

The compliance with NIS2 and DORA standards require the formation of a powerful cybersecurity culture and the approach has to go much further than simply the technical side. Here are the key steps to consider:

Establish a Cybersecurity Governance Framework: Develop a strong framework on how cybersecurity will be implemented, the positions of everyone in the company starting from the top management to the employees.

Implement Comprehensive Security Awareness Training: Conduct regular security awareness training sessions in form of seminars where issues to be discussed relate to security issues for instance; phishing, social engineering, data protection and incident handling.
Encourage Continuous Learning and Engagement: Ensure knowledge sharing and make the employees to attend conferences, seminars and all other educational forums; reward the staff for being knowledgeable in their line of duty.
Empower Employees as Cybersecurity Champions: Ensure that you support security in your workplace by identifying relevant staff to be security role models to the rest of employees at the workplace.
Implement Gamification and Incentives: It is possible to use entertainment aspects, such as quizzes or challenges, to raise the level of cybersecurity training and the use of incentives to improve the level of cybersecurity among the employees.
Foster Collaboration and Communication: Encourage the communication between the IT, security and other departments to reach a consensus on the threats and the steps that need to be taken.
Regularly Review and Adapt: Thus, it is essential to often assess the overarchingly implemented cybersecurity culture change and be prepared to make the corresponding changes based on the threats, employees’ feedback, and changes in the legislation.

This way, you can create a positive security-oriented organizational culture that meets the requirements set by NIS2 and DORA and engage all your employees in protecting your organization’s information systems.

Recommendations for Maintaining a Strong Cybersecurity Culture

Cybersecurity culture cannot be created and then left alone; it has to be cultivated all the time. Here are some best practices to consider:

Lead by Example: Ensure that the organization’s top management and middle management demonstrate their commitment to cybersecurity by practicing what they preach.
Tailor Training to Diverse Needs: The following recommendations are therefore suggested: Offer company specific training courses, which will be relevant to the needs of the employees and their learning preferences so that the information that they pass will be useful and interesting.
Leverage Diverse Communication Channels: To disseminate the information to the employees one can use emails, company newsletters, posting some messages on the bulletin boards and even participating in some of the interactive sessions.
Encourage Reporting and Feedback: Exhort employees to report security matters, threats, risks, and anything that looks suspicious to them in the course of their work; and make sure that they take time to consider the ideas of the employees regarding the improvement of the cybersecurity program.
Recognize and Reward Positive Behaviors: The concept here is to set up a proper reward and recognition system that would encourage the staff to follow the proper security measures and exhibit proper cyber security etiquette.

Continuous Monitoring and Improvement: Continuously assess the efficacy of the cybersecurity culture in an organization and be prepared to modify the applied measures because of the threats, people’s response, or new legislation.
Collaborate with Industry Peers: Consult industries, other cybersecurity organizations, and authorities to obtain the information on the trends, practices, and standards and share the information about the experiences that would assist in the development of the cybersecurity environment.

By applying the described best practices on a regular basis, you can maintain a high level of cybersecurity culture and make the necessary adjustments quickly and in a timely manner when it comes to NIS2 and DORA requirements.

Conclusion

Because of the dynamic nature of the threat in the cyberspace, user training has now emerged as a key component in an organization’s security posture. This prepares your employees with the knowledge and skills on how they can avoid potential threats that may occur in future hence cultivating a good cyber security culture in your organization which in turn improves the security of the organization.

Considering the European Union’s NIS2 and DORA regulations that currently impact the sphere of cybersecurity, the importance of user education rises even higher. Therefore, you will be able to attain compliance with these regulations while at the same time cultivating a security responsibility culture among your employees when you align the process of cybersecurity culture creation with the standards of these regulations.

Another factor to consider is that it is not a one-time event to make the culture of cybersecurity strong and the participation of all and working on the topic continuously is a process. By following the measures discussed in this article, one will be able to develop a security culture within the company that means that everybody is protecting the company’s resources from the attack of the hackers.